Day: February 2, 2010

Computer is becoming an integral part of our life in our growing world. It allows you to connect the world with the click of a mouse. Computer loan funding to provide financial support, you’re looking for a computer.

Computers are everywhere necessary, whether a home or your workplace. Even there is a huge demand for computers at school to give your children a better platform to learn new things. Popularity of computers has increased day by day and has already been more popular than television.

Computer financing is a loan for the purchase of computers. Computer financing came with an idea to allow everyone to have a computer. You can also use the computer to finance the modernization of your computer by adding new devices print, scan, improving the storage capacity or memory.
Computer financing is loans in terms of conditions attached to them. The advantage is that the borrower in case of financing of the computer is that the loan amount over a long repayment period. As with the purchase of computer, you must immediately pay the entire amount that can be cumbersome for you. The payments do not affect your budget for this measure.

When the computer is purchased through a loan, the lender who makes the payment directly to your computer dealer. Then, the borrower makes the repayment in small monthly installments. There are various methods of reimbursement, you can pay monthly or there is an optional balloon payment.

A large balloon payment, lump sum payment at the end of a series of periodic payments are much smaller. This method of repayment is good for those hoping to have a sizable sum in the near future. Thus, they may pay the amount of funding of this amount.

The interest rate on these loans ranges from 7.25% to 15%. This rate depends on the amount of the loan and the creditworthiness of the borrower. A good credit history is better to get a higher amount for loans at low rates. However, a borrower with bad credit can also apply for these loans that the lenders who can arrange for you a certain fee.

It is considered a better option to apply for these loans online. This will save your time as you do not have to visit different offices of the lender for their prices. With dozens of websites offers you the platform where you can compare quotes from different lenders. This will help you choose the best computer financing package to suit your needs. Simply connect to the website of donors and fill the necessary information to get the service of the lender.

Computer financing will help you realize your dream of having your computer and adding new features that you already have. It is therefore sufficient to finance computer to get your desires fulfilled.

Let’s be honest there is nothing more exciting than finding a new gadget that can at the very least keep you entertained and at the very most revolutionise the way you do things. Okay I admit that these are not easy criteria against which you can judge a new gadget.

I guess on reflection the gadget might not have to revolutionise your life but nevertheless it should without doubt use new technology and make you raise a smile. Some of the best examples of new gadgets are the range of USB gadgets that have been released onto the market.

For those technophobes out there the USB or Universal Serial Bus is, put simply, a way of connecting an external device to your computer. A lot of people these days carry around small USB pens that hold information at play the same role that the floppy disc used to.

Nowadays a great deal of the equipment that is used alongside a computer such as a keyboard and the mouse can be connected this way. And in the gadget world many toys have been created that utilise this technology.

I was recently given a USB pole dancing woman that I have called Beatrice. Beatrice dances every time I type a word into my keyboard. She also keeps count of the number of words I write in a day – she’s not just a pretty face then! My colleagues and I find it hilarious although I don’t think my boss is too impressed when she stays quiet for half a day – a big giveaway if you’re not writing!

Anyway here is an insight into some of the best USB offerings that I have found available in the market.

USB Boxer

I recently came across the USB boxer. This six inch tall guy stands on your desk and pounds away at a punch bag at the rate at which you punch. The device comes with unbelievable sound effects that sound on the impact of the gloves to the punch bag and makes authentic ringside noises.

The software package includes some games in which you can enact a boxing bout and the action on screen is relayed and played out by the man in front of you. Pitched as a great way to work out some aggression this USB gadget really packs a punch!

USB putting green

The USB putting green is a great way to play golf against your workmates without even leaving the office. You don’t need a silly dress code just a slightly silly sense of humour. It is a miniature version of the conventional ball returning putt returner.

The aim of the game is to putt into the centre of the device and the ball is subsequently spat back at you. It comes with two miniature putters and fortunately six tiny balls – there is no excuse for losing them then – especially considering you are unlikely to have a water hazard or bunker on your desk.

USB Dog

Okay this takes the prize for the funniest, yet at the same time, most tasteless of all the USB gadgets I have come across. The dog is attached to a USB device which, when connected to the computer, humps away like a dog on heat. The marketing men say that your computer has done a great deal for you and that it’s about time you gave something back. I’m not sure this is exactly what they meant but very funny nevertheless!

E-contracts in cyber space

By

S J TUBRAZY

 

Traditional concept of contract provides the foundations to all types of valid and enforceable contract, keeping in view the meanings of definition of contract as, ‘all agreements are contracts if they are made by the free assent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object and are not thereby expressly declared to be void’ the term contract would include invitation to tender and instruction to renderers, ‘tender, and acceptance thereof.

An electronic contract is an agreement created and “signed” in electronic form — in other words, no paper or other hard copies are used. For example, you write a contract on your computer and email it to a business associate, and the business associate emails it back with an electronic signature indicating acceptance. An e-contract can also be in the form of a “Click to Agree” contract, commonly used with downloaded software. The user clicks an “I Agree” button on a page containing the terms of the software license before the transaction can be completed.

 

The United Nations General Assembly Resolution No. A/ RES/51/ 162, dated 30th January 1997, Chapter III and specifically Article 11 sets about the formation and validity of E-contract.

Article 11 states that in the context of the contract formation unless otherwise agreed by the parties, on offer and the acceptance of an offer may be expressed by means of data message. Where data message is used in the formation of a contract that contact shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that a data message was used for that purpose.

 

Simultaneously, Article 12 states that as between the originator and the addressee of a data message, a declaration of will or other statement shall not be denied legal effect, validity or enforceability solely on the ground that it is in form of a data message.

 

According to UNCITRAL Model Law, Article 11 is not intended to interfere with the law on formation of contracts but rather to promote international trade by providing augmented legal certainty as to the conclusion of contracts by electronic means. In certain countries a provision along with the lines of provision of Articles 11 might be regarded as merely stating the obvious, namely that an offer and an acceptance, as any other expression of will, can be communicated by any means, including data message. However the considerable number of countries as to whether contracts can validly be concluded by electronic means. Such reservations may stem from the fact that, in certain cases, the data message expressing offer and acceptance are generated by computer without instantaneous human intervention, thus raising doubts as to be expression of intent by the parties. Another reason of such uncertainties is inherent in the modes of communication and results from the absence of a paper document.

 

As to the time and place of formation of contracts, in cases where an offer or the acceptance of an offer is expressed by means of a data message, no specific rule has been included in the Model Law in order not to interfere with national law applicable to contract formation. It was felt that such a provision might exceed the aim of the Model Law which should be limited to providing that electronic communication would achieve the same degree legal certainty as paper-based communication. The continuance of existing rules on the formation of contracts with the provisions contained in Article 15 is designed to drive out uncertainty as to the time and place of formation of contract in case where the offer or the acceptance are exchanged electronically.

 

During the preparation of provisions of Article 11, it was felt that the provision might have the harmful effect of overruling otherwise applicable provisions of national law, which might prescribe specific formalities for the formation of certain contracts. Such forms include notarization and other requirements for writings and might respond consideration of public policy, such as the need to protect certain parties or to warn them against specific risks. For that reason Article 12 provides that an enacting State can exclude the applicability of provisions of Article 11 in certain instances to be specified in the regulation enacting the Model Law. 

 

While much of the contract formation discussion revolves around the use of computer technology as a means of communication by contracting parties, a far more difficult issue is beginning to emerge with the automation of the contracting process itself. Traditional contract doctrine centers around the requirement of a `meeting of the minds’. The involvement of two or more people, negotiating either face-to-face or through some means of communication is an underlying assumption. However, modern technology is evolving with a goal of eliminating human involvement in transactions. How traditional contract doctrine will accommodate situations where the only `minds’ that meet are programmed computer systems is uncertain.

For transactions caught by the International Sale of Goods Act, the “mailbox rule” does not apply. Instead, the Act sets out that the acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the moment the indication of assent reaches the offeror.

To protect consumers from potential abuses, electronic versions of the following documents are invalid and unenforceable:

wills, codicils, and testamentary trusts
documents relating to adoption, divorce etc, 
court orders, notices, and other court documents such as pleadings or motions
notices of default, repossession, foreclosure, or eviction, etc

These documents must be provided in traditional paper and ink format.

Business-to-business contracts are an indispensable part of trading business relations

since many centuries. With the advent of information technology, companies

started using information technologies to support their trading relations. Consequently,

in trading relations supported by modern information technology, traditional paper

contracts become an inefficient and ineffective instrument to guarantee the rights and

specify the obligations of the trading parties and electronic contracts become a

necessity. Electronic contracts are the instrument to govern electronic trading relationships between business parties. A number of efforts exist in both the academic and industrial worlds to define an e-contract specification language.

(The author is Lawyer of cyber laws in Pakistan)