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The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation and precise-positioning tool. Developed by the Department of Defense in 1973, GPS was originally designed to assist soldiers and military vehicles, planes, and ships in accurately determining their locations world-wide.

Today, the uses of GPS have extended to include both the commercial and scientific worlds. Commercially, GPS is used as a navigation and positioning tool in airplanes, boats, cars, and for almost all outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, fishing, and kayaking. In the scientific community, GPS plays an important role in the earth sciences.

Meteorologists use it for weather forecasting and global climate studies; and geologists can use it as a highly accurate method of surveying and in earthquake studies to measure tectonic motions during and in between earthquakes.

GPS frequencies

GPS units operate on a number of different “channels” or frequencies, some of which are under development and some of which are not used by “regular” GPS units. The principle operating frequency of the GPS system is 1575.42 MHz. That’s 1.57542 GHz or 1,575,420,000 cycles per second.

GPS bandwidth

Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a contiguous set of frequencies. It is typically measured in hertz, and may sometimes refer to pass band bandwidth, sometimes to baseband bandwidth, depending on context.GPS carrier frequencies are in L band from 1227.6 MHz to 1575.42 MHz so the bandwidth will be upper frequency minus lower one so it comes out to be 347.82 MHz

GPS blockers

The GPS signal jammer works by sending out its own signal on the same frequency as the GPS unit, a noisy signal that prevents it from receiving or transmitting any useful information. There are a number of types of noise signals it can send; some call for a narrowband Gaussian signal, others for a simple continuous wave. There is variety of devices available in the market to block GPS locally. These are portable, handheld devices capable of jamming GPS signals leaving your receiver void of GPS signals.

If you are planning to buy some jamming device you must check the range of frequency it blocks also keep in mind that the jammer is local and does not disturb ambulances and other communication outside your premises.

• Ultimate and iconic fighting arenas, from both the DC Universe and Mortal Kombat side, as well as several never-before-seen combo arenas that blend the two universes together.
• An engaging story written by top talent and played out in the single player mode that pits Mortal Kombat warriors against heroes and villains from the DC Universe.
• Each character on the roster possesses unique attacks to take down opponents and finishing moves to put them away for good.
• All-new fighting mechanics: Freefall Kombat, where players you battle in mid-air while falling from one arena into the next; and Klose Kombat, a brutal up-close fighting mechanic concentrated on progressive damage to fighters.
• 2-player multiplayer Supports both locally and online.

Product Description
For the first time ever Scorpion, Sub-Zero and the Mortal Kombat warriors battle with Batman, Superman and other popular DC Universe Super Heroes. Choose your side and challenge your opponents with a new fighting system including Freefall Kombat and Klose Kombat along with dynamic multi-tiered environments. Plus, pick your favorite character from MK or DCU and pursue a fighting adventure in the new single player mode with an intertwined storyline and two unique pers… More >>

Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe

Description

The Insider Threat and Data Security – CCITO, India.

Corporate Information resources are constantly under threat from internal and external sources. Though outsiders are misconceived as the main culprits in cybercrimes, internal attacks are more frequent, costly and damaging. According to Raj B Lonsane of CCITO, India (Cyber Crimes & Insider Threat Obviation Solutions) outside cyber criminals often tend to use avenues that are practically left open to them by virtue of unintended or uninformed acts by insiders. Raj B Lonsane says that while outsiders gain access to sensitive data through back doors, malicious codes, spyware, phishing or worms, insiders unintentionally and intentionally disclose sensitive data or provide access to outside criminals into the system or intentionally gain unauthorised access into the system and pilfer proprietary information. As these intentional incursions are premeditated and well executed, the financial and reputation damage from such internal intrusions are much higher.

According to Raj B Lonsane individuals and organizations can take a more effective approach by taking stock of proprietary information and sensitive data that are relatively open to risk and envisioning what cyber criminals are most likely to do by focusing on security weaknesses that could provide unauthorised access into the system. Essentially a risk based approach. Educating employees and constantly monitoring their activities closely to avoid breach or unauthorised access is imperative in maintaining integrity of the system. By that Raj B Lonsane is not advocating maintenance of a ‘police state’ in office environs but emphasizing the need to keep practical deterrents in place, keep a close watch to prevent unintended or uninformed acts which could lead to serious breaches and consequential monetary losses and slander.

Lonsane firmly believes that the rate of cybercrime is definitely on the rise and crooks are getting more innovative in their modus operandi of attacking and stealing sensitive data with the malicious intention of gain, revenge, extortion and defamation. Raj B Lonsane says an aggressive proactive approach by combining resources of all players in the domain such as international, state, law enforcement, private sector and academia can prove to be a very effective tool in combatting cyber crimes nationally and internationally. Raj B Lonsane is a member of CCITO, India formed in collaboration with professionals from the IT and Cyber Crime domain with the specific intention of imparting awareness on cyber crimes and cyber laws, Obviation of cyber crimes by insiders, assistance to fight cybercrimes with the help of respective cyber cells, law enforcement agencies and other concerned players.

The other directors of the company are Divyendu Chandurkar, Ex Director, TechDefence, Nashik, Sneha Hire, Ex Director, TechDefence, Nashik. On board also are International Cyber Crime investigators, Cyber Law Advocates including international law firms, Labour law Advocates, Clinical psychologists and Corporate trainers.