Software is the heart of an organization’s computer operations, whatever the size and complexity of the system. Therefore, it is essential that software function correctly and be protected from corruption. There are many elements of software support.
One is controlling what software is used on a system. If users or systems personnel can load and execute any software on a system, the system is more vulnerable to computer viruses, to unexpected software interactions, and to software that may subvert or bypass security controls. One method of controlling software is to inspect or test software before it is loaded (e.g., to determine compatibility with custom applications or identify other unforeseen interactions). This can apply to new software packages, to upgrades, to off-the-shelf products, or to custom software, as deemed appropriate. In addition to controlling the loading and execution of new software, organizations should also give care to the configuration and use of powerful system utilities.
System utilities can compromise the integrity of operating systems and logical access controls. A second element in software support can be to ensure that software has not been modified without proper authorization. This involves the protection of software and backup copies. This can be done with a combination of logical and physical access controls.
Many organizations also include a program to ensure that software is properly licensed, as required. For example, an organization may audit systems for illegal copies of copyrighted software. This problem is primarily associated with PCs and LANs, but can apply to any type of system